提供即時遠端建築資訊以確保公共安全 Real-time Remote Building Information for Public Safety

iBR - intelligent Building Response
本文摘自：http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/ibr/

智慧型建築消防回饋系統

概述

智慧型建築消防回饋系統(iBR)是美國NIST建築消防研究實驗室近年來開發中的項目，主要想藉由通訊網路科技，將建築物內部感測的訊息傳送到外部的消防、警察及其他涉及緊急救援的單位與人員，同時透過這計劃以了解建築設施在支援緊急狀況的能力。智慧建築能有效提供火警、保全以及建築控管系統與資訊，分享予建築物外需要下達命令的單位。

今日的建築功能日漸複雜，多功能的控制系統往往被設定以控制多元的建築設備、系統，而網路通訊肩負著訊息聯絡的重任，由控制端到設備端甚至開關的啟動，其中藉由大量的感測器(sensors)將訊息回饋至控制端，然而這些資訊往往被封鎖在建築物內部，即使這些大量的訊息能夠提供外部作為指揮的參考，例如：火在哪裡發生？哪裡有煙？避難者分布在哪裡？哪些設備仍在運作？哪裡的燈開著？哪扇門是開著的？這些訊息以往皆須由救援的人逐一摸索，在他們執行任務的同時，還要了解建築物內部發生什麼事？而即時訊息則能提供救援人員第一手資料，在他們奔赴救災現場的同時，任務調度者能夠在事件發生的同時，掌握建築物內部的即時訊息，甚至在消防車尚未出發前。

圖片來源：BFRL

Overview
The “intelligent Building Response” (iBR) project at NIST BFRL is about getting building sensor information out of a building and presenting it in real-time in useful ways to fire, police and others as they respond to a building emergency. We are also looking at how the building infrastructure can support first responder communications. The intelligent building aids building incident response by sharing status of fire, security and control systems in the building, as well as by connecting responders to outside command.
Today’s modern buildings function with multiple control systems programmed to run different building systems. Network communications carry commands from controllers to actuators and switches, and a host of sensors feed data back to controllers. Yet, for the most part, all this information is bottled up in the building even while it could provide tremendous situational awareness to those outside the building, telling them where a fire is, where smoke is, where occupants are, which devices are operating, which lights are on, or which doors are open. Why should first responders need to do a size up at the scene in order to find out what is happening inside? Real time information regarding building systems should be available while they are enroute to the scene. Why can’t a dispatcher see into the building from the start of an incident, even before vehicles are dispatched?
In simple terms, the best response is not only fast, it’s informed. In the future, emergency responders could receive a wealth of information while they’re en route and during the incident. Lacking now is a standard method of moving real-time building data out of the building into the hands of emergency responders. And iBR is focused on developing standards to move the data out.